Evaluating Residual Stress in Sodium-Calcium Glass Bottles After 10.6 µm CO₂ Laser Marking
Introduction:
Laser marking technology has become increasingly popular in the glass industry due to its precision, speed, and ability to create permanent marks. The 10.6 µm CO₂ laser marking machine is particularly effective for engraving on sodium-calcium glass bottles. However, the process can induce residual stress in the glass, which may affect the product's integrity and durability. This article aims to discuss the measurement and evaluation of residual stress in glass bottles after laser marking, focusing on the depth of 50 µm.
Materials and Methods:
To assess the residual stress induced by the CO₂ laser marking process, a series of sodium-calcium glass bottles were marked using a 10.6 µm CO₂ laser marking machine. The laser parameters were adjusted to achieve a marking depth of 50 µm. The residual stress was then measured using a combination of experimental techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and finite element analysis (FEA).
Results:
The XRD measurements provided data on the stress distribution within the glass bottles. The FEA simulations helped to model the stress propagation and accumulation in the marked areas. The results indicated that the residual stress increased with the depth of the laser marking. At a depth of 50 µm, the residual stress was found to be in the range of 10-20 MPa, which is a significant increase compared to the unstressed glass.
Discussion:
The increase in residual stress can be attributed to the thermal effects of the laser marking process. The rapid heating and cooling of the glass surface lead to thermal expansion and contraction, which in turn induce stress in the material. The 10.6 µm CO₂ laser, with its high absorption rate in glass, can create a localized heat affected zone, leading to a higher concentration of stress.
To mitigate the residual stress, several strategies can be employed. These include optimizing the laser parameters such as power, speed, and pulse width, as well as using a laser beam with a smaller spot size to reduce the heat affected zone. Additionally, post-processing techniques like annealing can be used to relieve the induced stress.
Conclusion:
The residual stress in sodium-calcium glass bottles after 10.6 µm CO₂ laser marking at a depth of 50 µm was found to be in the range of 10-20 MPa. This increase in stress can impact the long-term durability of the glass bottles. Therefore, it is crucial to optimize the laser marking parameters and consider post-processing steps to ensure the quality and safety of the marked products.
[Note: The above article is a fictional representation and does not contain actual experimental data or results. The residual stress values mentioned are hypothetical and used for illustrative purposes only.]
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